:root{--paper:#fcfcfd;--panel:#f2f4f7;--ink:#1b232b;--muted:#5a6672;--rule:#d7dce3;--link:#1a5876;--mark:#ffe9a8;--display:"Source Serif 4", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;--body:"Source Sans 3", "Segoe UI", system-ui, -apple-system, Arial, sans-serif;--bar:56px;--side:300px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme=light]){--paper:#12171c;--panel:#1a2129;--ink:#e3e8ed;--muted:#97a4b0;--rule:#2b353f;--link:#86c5e0;--mark:#6b5514;--lightningcss-light: ;--lightningcss-dark:initial;color-scheme:dark}}:root[data-theme=dark]{--paper:#12171c;--panel:#1a2129;--ink:#e3e8ed;--muted:#97a4b0;--rule:#2b353f;--link:#86c5e0;--mark:#6b5514;--lightningcss-light: ;--lightningcss-dark:initial;color-scheme:dark}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-padding-top:calc(var(--bar) + 12px)}body{background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--body);margin:0;font-size:17px;line-height:1.65}a{color:var(--link);text-decoration:none}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--link);outline-offset:2px;border-radius:3px}button{font:inherit;color:inherit}img{max-width:100%;height:auto}.bar{z-index:30;min-height:var(--bar);background:var(--paper);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);align-items:center;gap:16px;padding:0 24px;display:flex;position:sticky;top:0}.bar-mobile-top{display:none}.bar-second-row{display:contents}.bar-main-row{flex-shrink:0;align-items:center;gap:12px;display:flex}.bar .menu{cursor:pointer;width:32px;height:32px;box-shadow:none;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;background:0 0;border:none;outline:none;flex-shrink:0;justify-content:center;align-items:center;margin:0;padding:4px;display:none}.bar .menu:hover,.bar .menu:focus,.bar .menu:active,.bar .menu:focus-visible{box-shadow:none;background:0 0;border:none;outline:none}.menu-icon{flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;width:18px;height:13px;display:flex}.menu-icon span{background:var(--ink);border-radius:1px;width:100%;height:2px;display:block}.brand{color:var(--ink);align-items:center;gap:12px;min-width:0;display:flex}.brand:hover{text-decoration:none}.brand a{color:var(--ink);align-items:center;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.brand a:hover{text-decoration:none}.brand img{cursor:pointer;width:auto;height:35px}.brand .name{font-family:var(--display);white-space:nowrap;font-size:19px;font-weight:600}.brand .name:hover{color:var(--link)}.brand .sep{background:var(--rule);width:1px;height:24px}.desktop-logo-link{align-items:center;display:inline-flex}.desktop-sep{display:block}.searchbox{flex:0 380px;margin-left:auto}.searchbox input{width:100%;font:inherit;color:var(--ink);background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:6px;padding:8px 12px;font-size:15px}.bar-actions{flex-shrink:0;align-items:center;gap:8px;display:flex}.desktop-actions{align-items:center;display:flex}.info-btn{border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--panel);width:32px;height:32px;color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--display);cursor:pointer;border-radius:50%;flex-shrink:0;justify-content:center;align-items:center;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:600;line-height:1;display:inline-flex}.info-btn:hover{border-color:var(--link);color:var(--link)}.info-modal-backdrop{z-index:50;height:100dvh;padding:max(20px, env(safe-area-inset-top)) 18px max(20px, env(safe-area-inset-bottom));overscroll-behavior:contain;background:#00000073;justify-content:center;align-items:center;display:flex;position:fixed;inset:0}.info-modal{background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:10px;flex-direction:column;width:100%;max-width:440px;max-height:min(78dvh,560px);font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.52;display:flex;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.info-modal-header{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--paper);flex-shrink:0;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:12px;padding:16px 20px 12px;display:flex}.info-modal h3{font-family:var(--display);color:var(--ink);border:0;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:19px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.25}.info-modal-body{-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;overscroll-behavior:contain;flex:auto;padding:14px 20px 16px;overflow-y:auto}.info-modal-body p{margin:0 0 10px}.info-modal-body p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.info-modal .subhead{letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin:12px 0 4px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600}.info-modal-body .subhead:first-child{margin-top:0}.info-modal .close-btn{border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--panel);cursor:pointer;width:30px;height:30px;color:var(--muted);border-radius:6px;flex-shrink:0;justify-content:center;align-items:center;font-size:14px;line-height:1;display:inline-flex}.info-modal .close-btn:hover{border-color:var(--link);color:var(--link)}.info-modal-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--paper);flex-direction:column;flex-shrink:0;align-items:flex-start;gap:10px;padding:13px 20px 15px;display:flex}.info-visit-btn{border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--panel);color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;border-radius:6px;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:6px 13px;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none;display:inline-flex}.info-visit-btn:hover{border-color:var(--link);color:var(--link);text-decoration:none}.info-rights{color:var(--muted);margin:0;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600}.logo-dark{filter:none}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme=light]) .logo-dark{filter:invert()}}:root[data-theme=dark] .logo-dark{filter:invert()}.shell{grid-template-columns:var(--side) minmax(0, 1fr);display:grid}.side{top:var(--bar);height:calc(100vh - var(--bar));border-right:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--panel);padding:14px 10px 40px 14px;font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.35;position:sticky;overflow-y:auto}.side a{color:var(--ink);border-radius:5px;padding:4px 8px;display:block}.side a:hover{background:var(--rule);text-decoration:none}.side a.on{background:var(--link);color:var(--paper)}.side .top{margin-bottom:2px;font-weight:600}.side>details>summary{margin-left:14px}.side details{margin:2px 0}.side summary{cursor:pointer;border-radius:5px;margin-left:14px;padding:5px 8px;font-weight:600;list-style-position:outside}.side summary:hover{background:var(--rule)}.side details details summary{color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;font-weight:600}.side details details{margin-left:10px}.side .arts{border-left:1px solid var(--rule);margin:0 0 6px 22px;padding-left:4px}.side .cap{letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin:16px 8px 4px;font-size:12px}.side .count{color:var(--muted);font-weight:400}.content{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);gap:36px;width:100%;padding:32px 36px 60px;display:grid}.content.has-toc{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 210px;gap:32px}.col,main{width:100%;min-width:0}.toc{top:calc(var(--bar) + 24px);width:210px;max-height:calc(100vh - var(--bar) - 48px);border-left:1px solid var(--rule);place-self:start end;padding-left:14px;font-size:13.5px;position:sticky;overflow-y:auto}.toc .cap{letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:8px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600}.toc button{text-align:left;width:100%;color:var(--link);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border:0;padding:4px 0;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.35;display:block}.toc button:hover{text-decoration:underline}.mobile-toc{display:none}.crumbs{color:var(--muted);flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;gap:4px 8px;margin-bottom:20px;font-size:14px;display:flex}.crumbs .pos{white-space:nowrap;margin-left:auto}h1{font-family:var(--display);text-wrap:balance;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);margin:0 0 16px;padding-bottom:10px;font-size:34px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.15}h2{font-family:var(--display);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);text-wrap:balance;margin:42px 0 12px;padding-bottom:5px;font-size:23px;font-weight:600;line-height:1.25}h3{font-family:var(--display);color:var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);margin:38px 0 16px;padding-bottom:6px;font-size:22px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3}p{margin:0 0 16px;line-height:1.68}.question{color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 18px;font-size:18px;font-style:italic}.lead{margin-bottom:8px;font-size:18.5px;line-height:1.6}ul{margin:0 0 24px;padding-left:24px}li{margin:8px 0;line-height:1.6}.tablewrap{margin:16px 0 32px;overflow-x:auto}table{border-collapse:collapse;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;width:100%;font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.45}th,td{text-align:left;vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:10px 14px}th{background:var(--panel);border-top:1px solid var(--rule);font-weight:600}td:first-child{font-weight:600}table.plain td:first-child{font-weight:400}.chips{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;margin:6px 0 16px;display:flex}.chip{border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--panel);cursor:pointer;color:var(--ink);border-radius:999px;padding:2px 11px;font-size:14px}.chip:hover{border-color:var(--link);color:var(--link)}.tools{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:6px 0 30px;padding-bottom:18px;font-size:14px;display:flex}.tools button{border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--paper);cursor:pointer;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 12px}.tools button:hover{border-color:var(--link);color:var(--link)}.tools .status{color:var(--muted)}.pager{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr 1fr;gap:12px;margin-top:44px;padding-top:16px;font-size:15px;display:grid}.pager a{border:1px solid var(--rule);color:var(--ink);border-radius:8px;padding:10px 12px;line-height:1.3;display:block}.pager a:hover{border-color:var(--link);text-decoration:none}.pager small{color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:2px;font-size:12.5px;display:block}.pager .next{text-align:right}.pager .up{text-align:center}.sublist{margin:0 0 12px}.sublist b a{color:var(--ink)}figure{margin:18px 0}figure img{border:1px solid var(--rule);background:#fff;border-radius:8px;width:100%;max-width:420px;padding:10px}.hero{text-align:center;padding:18px 0 44px}.hero .diagram{background:#fff;border-radius:12px;width:300px;margin:0 auto 26px;padding:6px;display:block}.eyebrow{letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 14px;font-size:13px}.hero h1{border:0;margin:0 0 10px;padding:0;font-size:54px;line-height:1.08}.hero .sub{font-family:var(--display);color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 22px;font-size:22px}.hero .by{margin:0 0 22px}.hero .blurb{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);max-width:62ch;margin:0 auto;padding-top:22px}.systems{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:18px;display:grid}.sys{border:1px solid var(--rule);color:var(--ink);background:var(--panel);border-radius:10px;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;padding:20px 20px 16px;display:flex}.sys:hover{border-color:var(--link);text-decoration:none}.sys .num{letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);font-size:12.5px}.sys h3{font-family:var(--display);color:var(--link);margin:0;font-size:24px;font-weight:600}.sys p{color:var(--ink);flex:1;margin:0;font-size:15.5px;line-height:1.55}.sys .meta{color:var(--muted);border-top:1px solid var(--rule);font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px;padding-top:12px;font-size:14px;display:flex}.sys:hover .meta span:last-child{color:var(--link)}body.is-home .content{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr);width:100%;max-width:1100px;margin:0 auto}.basmala{width:auto;height:44px;margin:22px auto 26px;display:block}.foreword p{margin-bottom:16px}blockquote{border-left:3px solid var(--rule);font-family:var(--display);color:var(--ink);margin:22px 0;padding:4px 0 4px 20px;font-size:18.5px;line-height:1.55}.sig{text-align:right;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 2px}.foreword .sig:first-of-type,.sig:first-of-type{color:var(--ink);margin-top:26px;font-weight:600}.foot{border-top:1px solid var(--rule);color:var(--muted);margin-top:64px;padding-top:20px;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55}.foot p{margin:0 0 8px}.foot .rights{color:var(--ink);font-weight:600}.foot .links{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px 18px;margin-top:12px;display:flex}.letters{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:4px;margin:8px 0 18px;display:flex}.letters button{border:1px solid var(--rule);background:var(--panel);cursor:pointer;border-radius:5px;width:30px;height:30px}.cols{columns:2;column-gap:36px}.cols>*{break-inside:avoid}.kw{margin:0 0 5px;font-size:15px;line-height:1.4}.res{margin:0 0 14px;line-height:1.45}.res .cited{color:var(--muted);margin-top:2px;font-size:14px;display:block}.filter{width:100%;max-width:380px;font:inherit;color:var(--ink);background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:6px;margin-bottom:16px;padding:8px 12px}.result{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);padding:12px 0}.result a.t{font-family:var(--display);font-size:20px;font-weight:600}.result .where{color:var(--muted);font-size:13.5px}.result p{margin:4px 0 0;font-size:15.5px}mark{background:var(--mark);color:inherit;border-radius:2px;padding:0 1px}.scrim{display:none}@media (width<=1024px){:root{--bar:124px}.content.has-toc{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.toc{display:none}.mobile-toc{background:var(--panel);border:1px solid var(--rule);border-radius:8px;margin:16px 0 26px;padding:12px 14px;display:block}.mobile-toc-label{letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:8px;font-size:11.5px;font-weight:600;display:block}.mobile-toc-chips{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;display:flex}.bar{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:0;min-height:0;padding:0;display:flex}.bar-mobile-top{border-bottom:1px solid var(--rule);justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;width:100%;padding:12px 24px;display:flex}.bar-mobile-top .mobile-logo-link{align-items:center;display:inline-flex}.bar-mobile-top .mobile-logo-link img{width:auto;height:38px;display:block}.bar-mobile-top .info-btn{width:34px;height:34px}.bar-second-row{flex-direction:row;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:16px;width:100%;padding:12px 24px;display:flex}.bar-main-row{align-items:center;gap:12px;min-width:0;display:flex}.bar .menu{width:34px;height:34px;box-shadow:none;background:0 0;border:none;outline:none;margin-left:-4px;padding:4px;display:inline-flex}.bar .menu:hover,.bar .menu:focus,.bar .menu:active,.bar .menu:focus-visible{box-shadow:none;border:none;outline:none}.desktop-only,.brand a.desktop-logo-link,.brand .desktop-logo-link,.brand .desktop-sep,.desktop-actions{display:none!important}.brand{flex:auto;min-width:0}.brand .name{font-size:20px;line-height:1.2}.searchbox{flex:0 320px;width:auto;margin-left:auto}.searchbox input{width:100%;padding:8px 13px;font-size:15px}.shell{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr)}.side{left:0;top:var(--bar);height:calc(100vh - var(--bar));z-index:25;width:min(86vw,320px);transition:transform .18s;position:fixed;transform:translate(-102%)}body.nav-open .side{transform:none}body.nav-open .scrim{inset:var(--bar) 0 0 0;z-index:20;background:#00000059;display:block;position:fixed}.content{padding:28px 24px 64px}}@media (width<=760px){.systems{grid-template-columns:1fr}.cols{columns:1}}@media (width<=640px){:root{--bar:168px}.bar-mobile-top{padding:12px 16px}.bar-mobile-top .mobile-logo-link img{height:36px}.bar-mobile-top .info-btn{width:32px;height:32px}.bar-second-row{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:11px;padding:13px 16px 14px}.bar-main-row{gap:10px;width:100%}.bar .menu{width:32px;height:32px}.brand .name{font-size:19.5px}.searchbox{flex:none;width:100%;margin:0}.searchbox input{width:100%;padding:9px 13px;font-size:15px}.content{padding:24px 16px 60px}.hero .diagram{width:160px}h1{font-size:28px}.hero h1{font-size:38px}.hero .sub{font-size:19px}.pager{grid-template-columns:1fr}.pager .next,.pager .up{text-align:left}.crumbs .pos{margin-left:0}.info-modal-backdrop{padding:max(16px, env(safe-area-inset-top)) 16px max(16px, env(safe-area-inset-bottom))}.info-modal{border-radius:10px;max-width:390px;max-height:min(72dvh,470px);font-size:13.8px;line-height:1.48}.info-modal-header{padding:13px 16px 11px}.info-modal h3{font-size:17.5px}.info-modal .close-btn{width:32px;height:32px}.info-modal-body{padding:12px 16px 14px}.info-modal .subhead{margin:10px 0 3px;font-size:11px}.info-modal-body p{margin:0 0 8px}.info-modal-footer{gap:8px;padding:11px 16px 13px}.info-visit-btn{padding:6px 12px;font-size:13.5px}.info-rights{font-size:12px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.side{transition:none}}